Portfolio Hotel Organization

The Duties of Executive Housekeepers The Housekeeping Department’s significant capacity is to make a sort of â€Å"home away from home† for their visitors. (Andrews 2001) The General Manager controls any conceivable lodging tasks; and when a buyer denounces the settlement, the General Manager needs to break down the obligations of the Executive Housekeeper and propose a few stages to improve the administrations. The Executive Housekeeper ought to be answerable for heaps of obligations concerning the housekeeping activities and various degrees of tidiness in the hotel:Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Portfolio: Hotel Organization explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Inter-Department Communications improve the administrations and their viability, as the choices, made inside an office, may surely impact crafted by different divisions, this is the reason it is important to talk about all the progressions to accomplish the alluring ou tcomes. Staff Training permits characterizing the elements of each department’s part and raising the adequacy of their aggregate work. Staff Scheduling assists with sparing time and furnish all the visitors with the vital administrations in time. The Control of the Work demonstrates the criticalness of administrations introduced. The housekeeping staff watches their executive’s mentality to his/her obligations and attempts to follow this model. Correspondence gives an individual an opportunity to become familiar with the inclinations of the shoppers and meet them constantly. Fulfillment of Financial Management Tasks lies in setting a spending plan and its following. Recruiting and skills’ assessment ought to be recharged deliberately. Coordination of review will surely guarantee the gathering of the considerable number of guidelines. Mindfulness about the seasons’ inclinations assists with making the attractive climate and please the visitors. Being a com panion to every purchaser and being a supervisor to every laborer isn't less significant obligation any Executive Housekeeper ought to satisfy. Requirements for Female Business Travelers â€Å"Female business explorers speak to an expanding section of the corporate travel market†¦ Their movement is influenced by vitality costs and quick communication.† (Bardi 2006) This is the reason this specific portion should be examined further so as to take the main situations in this sort of market, satisfy such uncommon needs, and pull in the consideration of female buyers. Obviously, bunches of individuals have just attempted to discover the response to the subject of what any lady needs. A few people accomplished a piece the attractive objective, and some of them are as yet trying. With no questions, every lady, who remains at the inn, needs to see a tidy up room, completely useful restroom (with both a shower and a shower), agreeable bed, and pleasant condition. In any case, th ere are some different needs, the inn director ought to recollect about. For instance, any business woman needs to unwind after her working day, this is the reason a thoroughly stocked bar and LCD TV set with various channels †are one of the primary things that can make a lady more joyful. Additionally, it is conceivable to furnish a female business voyager with all the essential in-room spa and nail treatment benefits, a DVD with yoga preparing and other significant things for yoga. To pull in the consideration of ladies, it is smarter to introduce sound food and beverages, as bunches of ladies attempt to take care of up appropriately even grinding away. Obviously, the last point that likewise assumes a noteworthy job is administration staff: every specialist should look overall quite neighborly and not trouble a visitor. Methodologies to Identify the Needs and Wants of the Customers To accomplish high outcomes in the inn business, it is important to distinguish the requiremen ts and needs of the purchasers. â€Å"A key piece of showcasing a lodging to the visitor requires a comprehension of the necessities, needs, and requests of the potential and returning guest.† (Lockyer 2007) It is essential underline that any action, utilized by the inn, seeks after a similar objective †to get familiar with the mission and make him/her to turn into a consistent customer in the inn. One of the procedures any inn likes to utilize is an oral study. The greatest favorable position of this methodology is the capacity to watch and investigate the feelings of the purchasers after each question. Be that as it may, only one out of every odd customer has sufficient opportunity to respond to all the essential inquiries. This is the reason it is smarter to utilize another way †inquiries in the composed structure. When a visitor is separated from everyone else in his/her room, he/she can without much of a stretch discover the time and answer the questions.Advert ising Looking for evaluation on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The utilization of illustrative models and helpful data about the lodging will stimulate the enthusiasm to understand more and become a piece of the inn. Such methodology is fairly acceptable, on the grounds that the consequences of these studies can be saved for any timeframe and might be altogether broke down. Be that as it may, only one out of every odd inn furnishes truly intriguing leaflets with the inquiries for their visitors. This is the reason heaps of individuals simply don't see them or discover then uninteresting to focus on. It is additionally conceivable to introduce programs for the customers. On the off chance that individuals are intrigued or simply need to engage a piece, they get such an opportunity, and the inn acknowledges what can truly be significant for its visitors. Obviously, such system requires the interest o f numerous individuals and a profound examination of clients’ conduct; be that as it may, the outcomes will certain please the clients and directors. 10 Typical Security Risks in the Hotels Security dangers are something that individuals can't abstain from during their lives. Lodging business additionally faces various issues on account of security dangers and consistently attempts to locate the potential courses out to furnish the customers with protected and agreeable administrations. There is a rundown of the most regular security dangers and the thoughts of how to limit them in lodgings: Theft is one of the issues, which upset loads of individuals. So as to diminish the instances of robbery, it is smarter to give more consideration face control and don't allow in individuals, who don't utilize the administrations of the inn. Additionally, video watching may help on the off chance that consistently somebody watch the occasions. Flames may make mind blowing harm the custome rs and the inn itself. This is the reason a rundown with every single noteworthy measure ought to be at each room and be connected to the entryway. Open stopping is another issue of numerous inns. Various exercises inside are under profound control, this is the reason â€Å"open to the public† stopping may make another misfortune the visitor and lodging staff. (Fallon 2006) Terrorist assaults are not visit, yet at the same time, they may occur. This is the reason the lodging ought to have enough security gatekeepers to make an endeavor and forestall the assault. PC programmers can without much of a stretch utilize the naivety of the inn customers. Their abilities are extremely incredible, this is the reason it is smarter to check each your bill and make certain for what you pay. Seismic tremors may upset any individual whenever, this is the reason it is smarter to illuminate the customers about the compulsory strides to take during such events. Work environment viciousness is another security chance that value consideration. To stay away from it, the directors should check the physical and mental state of each specialist. Floods might be brought about by human negligence, this is the reason the staff should watch out for those, who leave their lofts and check water all over the place. Day to day environments may cause another issue for the customers. The supervisors should check the manner in which cleaners carry out their responsibility. Drink individuals can make hazardous circumstances for the rest, this is the reason it is smarter to restrict the quantity of beverages in each room. Rundown of Methods to Restrict the Entry of Soil into Hotels Lots of individuals don't give enough consideration to soil they may bring to the lodging and deny themselves from the chance to breath outside air. Extraordinarily, it concerns food and refreshment office. These divisions are liable for legitimate items and their conditions before they will be served. It is urg ently essential to adhere to all the noteworthy principles of cleanliness. There are a few strategies to limit the nearness of soil in lodgings and working spots: People can change their footwear to progressively agreeable and cleaner; Rooms should be tidied up methodicallly; Security watchmen ought to remind individuals about the need to enter with clean footwear; Near every way to the room, where individuals invest a lot of energy, it is important to put the notes and request that they keep the rooms clean. On the off chance that individuals disregard such straightforward standards and admonitions, they may come down with bug or even reason terrible states of the individuals around. So as to invest great energy in inns, it is smarter to recollect about such straightforward standards and furnish everybody with the chance to unwind. The Health and Safety at Work and so forth. Act 1974 The Health and Safety at Work and so on. Act 1974 is a bits of enactment made by the United Kingdom and spreads word related wellbeing and security at working environments. This demonstration determines â€Å"the job and obligations of the business as the individual who chooses and controls what goes on in the working environment, however it remembers that representatives additionally have a commitment to make.† (Ridley 2008) In the subsequent area, the employers’ obligations are introduced. To start with, they need to keep up the frameworks, which don't make any hazard wellbeing, and present the vital data and guidelines to prepare the representatives work in safe conditions. All businesses ought to likewise give their laborers appropriate workplace so everybody can work without dangers to wellbeing. In their turn, the obligations of each representative lie in their consideration for wellbeing and soundness of themselves and the individuals they work with.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Portfolio: Hotel Organization explicitly for you for jus t $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is significantly critical to know how precisely t

Comparison Between Mexico and Japan Educational System free essay sample

Correlation among Mexico and Japan Educational Systems Educational framework, which is the learning educational plan of a nation must has numerous similitudes and stands out from another nation, similar to Mexico as a creating nation and Japan as a created nation, that is the reason I decide to analyze them both. The instruction framework in Mexico and Japan are comparative in that they have same periods for Elementary School, Junior High School, and Senior High School. Understudies in Mexico concentrate in a class that upheld by mechanical apparatuses. Similarly, Japanese understudies likewise concentrate in a shrewd class. Both Mexican and Japanese school require their understudies to wear school garbs. Another likeness is Mexico, similar to Japan, has a co-instructive framework which young men and young ladies go to class together. Mexican schools is unique in relation to Japanese schools in that they give free training to understudies until grade 9, with free reading material. Nonetheless, Japan has free schools, yet some way or another they are less organized. We will compose a custom paper test on Correlation Between Mexico and Japan Educational System or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In Mexico, understudies are required to go to class until multi year olds, while Japanese educational plan is obligatory for kids until the age of 15. Just 47 percent of Mexicans have a higher education. Japan, then again, has a higher accomplishment which is 69 percent. The last distinction among Mexico and Japan is their school plans. The class plans for Mexico are separated into morning class that begins at 8 am and evening class at 2 pm. Interestingly, Japan just has one class plan which is toward the beginning of the day at 8. 30 am. Taking everything into account, I lean toward Japanese to Mexican school since it is grown better, and furthermore gives all the more encouraging instruction and produce high qualified alumni individuals. 286 words

How To Get All Of Your Students Talking

How To Get All Of Your Students Talking It can be challenging to encourage students to actively participate in your lesson. Veteran Teacher, Lisa,   draws on her teaching experience and shares her favorite classroom strategies for equitable participation.   by Lisa Koplik Picture this: the ideal classroom. You ask a question and every hand shoots up. Kids are thrilled to participate and are not afraid to make mistakes, because they know that even if their answer is wrong, it is okay. Conversations are rich and related to the content. Now, obviously, as teachers, we know that this almost never happens, but there are many strategies that great teachers use in order to create a culture for equitable participation in their classrooms. Equitable participation means a classroom with routines and procedures that ensure all students participate equally. Here are some of my favorite strategies for equitable participation:   Differentiation and Partnerships One of the best ways to ensure that all kids can participate is to make sure that work is differentiated for students at various levels. Not all students read, write, or participate in math the same way, and many students may excel in one area and have a relative weakness in another. It is important to know your students well, which comes within the first month or two, and then you can effectively group students in order to maximize participation. I typically like to group similar reading levels together in order to target skills and strategies with a group or partnership. Sometimes, in small groups (more than a partnership of two students), I will have two pairs of kids, each pair made up of one higher and one lower academically to promote conversation. Partner work and collaboration is so important in all subjects, especially for the kids that struggle.   Turn and Talk/Think, Pair, Share Not all children think at the same speed, and many need processing time or to talk out their ideas in a small partnership before feeling comfortable sharing with the entire class. Try to switch up the way you ask for responses by taking time to elicit a turn and talk, or think, pair, share with the class. During these times, students will pause for a moment to think, turn to the person next to them (or a designated partner, or a small group), and talk through a response in that group before returning to the whole class to share. This type of participation typically leads to much greater conversation and allows for students who may need a minute to think or hear another peer’s thoughts the time to think through their responses.   Jigsaw A jigsaw is a tried and true way to truly ensure everyone participates. The premise of a jigsaw is that within small groups, each student is reading a different text. After reading, the group comes back together to hear each person share out about his or her text. Because only one student in each group is responsible for each text, it holds kids accountable for their parts. Jigsaws can sometimes make kids feel stressed, and a way to alleviate this is to allow for all members of the class who read the same article to come together to discuss the article prior to going back and teaching what they learned to their groups.   Chalk Talk A chalk talk is a fabulous way to get kids participating, especially those that don’t typically participate verbally. A chalk talk does not have to involve literal chalk, but is an exercise in which students respond to prompts on the white board, chalkboard, or chart papers in writing silently. The kids are not allowed to speak at all, but can converse through written words, symbols, and punctuation. For example, a student may respond to a prompt with words, and another student may put a checkmark next to those words if he or she agrees. Then, as the groups rotate through the classroom, responding to different prompts, the “conversations” come alive and can be revisited at the end! Students often feel validated when they see arrows, stars, checkmarks, question marks, and responses to what they have written, and it is a great way to ensure all kids participate.   Popsicle Sticks My favorite, easiest way to shake up the classroom partnerships and conversations is to pull popsicle sticks. I use popsicle sticks with the kids’ names on them every single day in my classroom, from assigning groups, to partners, to choosing people to run errands. Sometimes, we unintentionally, consistently group the same kids together without realizing it, and this can lead to dynamics of conversation we don’t necessarily intend upon. We want to make sure all kids have an opportunity to interact with each other, and the randomization of popsicle stick picking lets us do that.     How do you get your students talking? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Lisa Koplik is a fourth-grade teacher at the Greenwood School in Wakefield, Massachusetts. She loves teaching math, reading intense read-aloud books that promote complaints when she has to stop reading, and figuring out educational games to play with her students. Check out her video series on classroom management.    

Essay about How Students with Learning Disabilities Gain...

Promoting reading skills to students with LD may appear to be a very difficult task. The varying needs of the students, along with learning conditions in the congested public school could leave behind LD students in the integrated classroom. To address problems, reading interventions should be in place to give students with LD equal opportunities as mandated by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) policy. These interventions should be designed to address two aspects of reading skills: oral decoding and reading comprehension. In Watson, Fore Boon, the authors address early problems of oral decoding for reading fluency. Oral decoding is very important when teaching beginning readers. To address problems of students with reading disabilities,†¦show more content†¦Students were allowed 3 sec. to correct the miscue, but after that, the teacher supplied the word and asked the student to continue reading. With the phonics-based method, the teacher supplied the sound for each miscue and inability to decode. Reinforcement in the form of tokens was given to motivate students to improve. Findings of the study confirm effectiveness of the two methods to promote reading fluency of students with reading disabilities. In the study conducted by Carr, reading comprehension was given focus. The teacher or examiner relied on activation of prior knowledge or schema of the students to increase comprehension. Before the reading activity itself, the examiner inquired about the prior knowledge of the students regarding the topic of the passage. The examiner read five questions, and aided the students in answering them. After reading, five inferential questions were asked and responses were recorded. The results of the study showed positive effect of the approach, emphasizing that students with LD were able to cope with the reading ability of their reading-level counterparts. In addition to activating prior knowledge, Carr also used Echo Reading Approach to address issues of readi ng fluency. Unlike the other study where the authors supplied the words or sounds for every miscue, the examiner read preliminary questions along with the student. Echo reading isShow MoreRelatedThe Georgia State School Board Of Education906 Words   |  4 Pagesrequires that students be able to ask and answer questions based on the details in a text. This standard also requires that the student be able to retell stories, including details, and demonstrate comprehension. This could be an issue for special needs students. Students with a learning disability in reading often have difficulty comprehending texts in books and other reading material that is written at their grade level. However, there are many strategies to use to improve reading comprehensionRead MoreA Brief Note On Websites, Links And Articles On Learning Disabilities And Families1007 Words   |  5 Pages Webliography: Websites, Links and articles on Learning Disabilities and families Sha’Vonne J. Walker North Carolina Central University Abstract Pikes Only for Module 6 One paragraph, single spaced, do not indent. single space citations and complete quotes Ldpride.net is a website that provides information on Learning Disabilities. The website defines LD as a term used to describe â€Å"a wide range† of learning and/or social impairments (Bodgod, 2015). The impairment can affectRead MoreStudent At Risk And With Disabilities1400 Words   |  6 PagesSTUDENT AT RISK AND WITH DISABILITIES Recently, CAI has become an acceptable instructional strategy to provide several academic outcomes for at-risk students and those with disabilities. 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Later, their struggling might reach a point of dropping out of school, which rate is 8% (one out five students withRead MoreStudents With Intellectual Disabilities ( Id )1107 Words   |  5 Pagespertaining to students with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in a classroom setting. I had interviewed Ms. Chisolm (Special Education Teacher) for the Jersey City Public Schools District, who works with students of multiple disabilities. Intelligence disabilities (ID) mean the mental capabilities of a child’s knowledge and skills. Intellectual disability can be developed during childbirth or before the age of eighteen. It is imperativ e for me to know, â€Å"What are the characteristics of students with intellectualRead MoreComparative Outcomes Of Two Instructional Models For Students With Learning Disabilities1488 Words   |  6 PagesTremblay, P. (n.d.). Comparative Outcomes of Two Instructional Models for Students with Learning Disabilities: Inclusion with Co-Teaching and Solo-Taught Special Education. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 251-258. Retrieved November 22, 2014. Summary In the following study researchers compared two instructional approaches; co-teaching inclusion and solo-taught special education for students with learning disabilities in regard to their overall academic achievement. Participants of theRead MoreMy Personal Teaching Style And My Student s Learning Styles969 Words   |  4 Pagesenjoyed the reading, Learning and Teaching Styles In Foreign and Second Language Education by Richard M. Felder –Eunice R. Henriques. I have related this reading selection to my personal teaching/ learning style and my student’s learning styles, but especially to one particular student that I work with. The students’ on my caseload have disabilities that range from the following: verbal, sensory, auditory skills, and emotional and behavior disorders. Most of my students’ have specific learning disabilitiesRead MoreDisruptive Behavior Impacts Students Ability to Learn821 Words   |  3 PagesAbstract Disruptive behavior impacts students ability to learn. In both the regular and special education classrooms, teachers must manage disruptive behavior and help students stay on task. It is especially critical with reading instruction in the beginning of a students academic career. Struggling readers, without intervention, often struggle throughout their school years. Peer-assisted learning strategies (PALS) have been shown to be effective in keeping students on task and thus enabling them toRead MoreWhat Is Dyslexia and What Can You Do If You Have It1242 Words   |  5 PagesDyslexia is a congenital disorder characterized by unexpected difficulty learning to decode and spell words in relation to one’s verbal intelligence, motivation, and educational opportunities (Gray E. S, 2008). People have many misconceptions regarding dyslexia which includes visual impairment, low IQ, dyslexia is curable, and this learning disability affects males more often than females. Indicators of d yslexia change over time since it is a process of developmental. It is difficult to identifyRead MorePlanning And Implementing Curriculum Accommodation842 Words   |  4 PagesPlanning and implementing curriculum accommodation in content areas Many students with LD experience trouble with reading abilities that are significantly below grade level. Consequently, the high school text book in history and other social studies classes will represent a problem. If students have problems with interpreting what is seen, they may have difficulties with timelines, graphs, maps, charts and other visual display that frequently used to explain information in social studies. Steele

Effective Communication in Nursing Essay - 1474 Words

Reflection is a vital key for effective communication with patients and their families. The main claim to this paper, is to prove, to have effective communication with patients and their families, firstly, one must know oneself. Communication is a two-way street Yes...but for effective communication to be understood, one must acknowledge oneself first, Communication starts with ourselves. we need to address that we, too, are human beings, with our own thoughts, feelings, beliefs, attitudes, prejudices and preferences. There is an increase in the healthcare profession that we must care for ourselves before caring for others (Burnard,2001). (Older reference but very supportive towards this paper). Part of†¦show more content†¦The quality of communication is a critical factor in meeting the needs of individuals, families and communities, (Crisp Taylor 2009). Communication is an expressions of ones thoughts...To convey what one person is trying to say to another. When communicating there is a messenger and a receiver but sometimes due to the way the message is delivered there maybe misunderstandings, and confusion arises and the message maybe misunderstood. Be clear and precise in what youre trying to say and why, (Crisp Taylor 2009). Body language has a great deal to do with communication and it is believed that body language is the greatest form of all communication skills because it is hard to control and therefore, maybe even more acknowledged that the spoken word, (Crisp Taylor 2009). From birth, body language is the basic skill and the only way a baby has to communicate, as a teenager spoken words are often mixed with bad reactions but again their body language is without doubt the best way of understanding our confused teens, Adulthood is often confronting, their peers may use prominent words, which to the receiver may be complicated, and hard to follow the meaning of. 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Each of them, have a specific specialty and responsibility to the patient and play an important role in the patient’s overall plan of care. â€Å"The scope of health care mandates that health professionals work collaborativelyRead MoreSkills and Competencies818 Words   |  4 PagesCompetencies Nurses for the future-Communication Many people refer to their strong communication skills, but communication is really a competency that relies on a combination of certain skills, behavior and knowledge. To communicate effectively a person may need to understand cultural diversity, have advanced language skills, and behave with patience. Interpersonal communication is essential in every area of life, but it especially critical in the field of nursing. Nurses are responsible for understanding

The Coca †Cola Product Free Essays

Known to manufacture and distribute non-alcoholic and carbonated beverages, Coca-Cola Bottling Company, which is now known as Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated in Charlotte North Carolina, started at Atlanta in 1886. CCBCC also manufactures bottled water, teas, sports drink, etc. The other branches of this company are dispersed at South Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee and other parts of North America. We will write a custom essay sample on The Coca – Cola Product or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coke is a trademark product of this company and has been distributed all throughout the world. It is very trivial where and how this drink has started. According to some historical accounts of CCBCC, the carbonated drink was first introduced as a fountain drink and was not commercially produced as canned or bottled. It was just when Mr. Harrison packaged this product that people became aware of its commercialization. To promote the product, many advertisement programs in radio, television and newspapers were made and had contributed to the fame of Coke. Famous personalities like Bill Gates had been a part of the continuing recognition of the said product. And since its production begun a century ago, there are jingles of Coke that are still remembered now like â€Å"When the Holidays Come Along†(with the lyrics, ‘whenever there’s a coke there’s always a fun†¦), â€Å"The Bee Gees Coke Commercial†, â€Å"Have a Coke and Smile† (produced on 1981) and a very recent commercial aired last year, â€Å"The Coca-Cola Happiness Factory†. Mr. J. Frank Harrison III, a descendant of Mr. Harrison way back in 1902,   is currently the Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of Executive Committee and Chairman of Finance Committee of CCBCC.   Also, Mr. Steven D. Westphal acts as the Chief Finance Officer and joins the executive committee of the company. Moreover, Coca Cola Enterprises Incorporated shares in owning CCBCC and is said to have 1000 shares as of August 2007. Under the Beverage – Soft Drinks Industry, CCBCC is the top grosser on stocks among Pepsi Company Inc., Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages, Groupe Danone World Water Division, and other companies providing the same product as of the present. As of August 31, 2007, CCBCC sells Coke at an average of $58.67. From the recent quarterly reports of the company, it is stated that it has a net income of $11.7 million as of July 1 2007. This is higher than the calculated quarterly net income of April 2007 which was $4.7 million, more than a hundred percent increase on net income. The repots for the stockholders also said that there is a one percent increase on the net sales of the product that was from the decrease in the selling price of bottles/cans. Also, the charts and graphs presented for the evaluation of the sales and production of Coke on July 2007 stated that it has increased its selling price compared to the past months. Since there are still products emerging from this company and their bottling capacities are of good quality (as they claim it), I think that in the future Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated will still be a big influence in the Food Industry, especially in the beverage – soft drinks sections.   By looking on the reports passed to the stockholders (which I think Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. owns), it will have a progress for the years ahead bearing the quarterly increases on the incomes and the people who patronizes coke. Constant observation and evaluation of the company’s performance, the improvements and modifications for the product can be done for a more successful path in the economy.   Indeed this product will still be a boom for the next generations. The red truck carrying loads of Coca-cola products will still roam around vicinities in the countries, and Coca-Cola will still rock markets and stocks. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated (COKE). 2007. Yahoo! Finance. September 2, 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=COKE â€Å"Coca Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated – Company Profile, Information, Business Description,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   History, Background Information on Coca Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated†. 2007.   Net  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industries, LLC. September 3, 2007. Yahoo stock screener.   2007. September 2, 2007. http://screen.yahoo.com/stocks.html Coca-cola iungles.2006. Soundboard.com/Mountainside, LLC. September 2, 2007.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.soundboard.com/sb/Coke_Cola_commerical.aspx Investor Relations. 1998-2003. MarketWatch.com Inc. September 3, 2007. HOME PAGE FOR THE WORLD’S BUSINESS LEADERS. 2007 Forbes.com LLC. September 3,2007.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ;http://www.forbes.com/finance/mktguideapps/personinfo/FromMktGuideIdPersonTear  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   heet.jhtml?passedMktGuideId=35265; How to cite The Coca – Cola Product, Essay examples

Pride Is the Key free essay sample

Mahatma Gandhi â€Å"Be the change that you wish to see in the world†. I am Aaliyah, a high student and a hard worker. I’m the most shy, loudest, and focused daughter in the family. With both school and dancing, I am well organized.My goals are the most important to me such as; getting A’s, being loud, playing sports, becoming successful, but only because it keeps me busy and occupied with new experiences. Mainly sports and becoming successful is my main target in the future. At the time, I wanted to be healthy and fit as growing older. Therefore, I’m trying to be more professional. Sports matter to me because it’s a good way to relieve stress. For example, dancing is a good way to let out steam by doing facial expressions. I like dancing because it contains being yourself and being engaged. Dancing makes me find a whole new side of me; better side of me. We will write a custom essay sample on Pride Is the Key or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I never go by a day where I don’t think of dance moves in my head. Dancing is my inspiration because when I look at other people dancing I get so amazed by it like I’m in my own world. Also football because it has a lot of motivation and courage. Really keeps you fit also. I love this educational program called the Navy Drill, but known as â€Å"NROTC† because its a good way to be more professional and learning new things in the navy that I didnt know myself, but gladly learnt from a High Rank leaders themselves. Being in NROTC has been amazing so far because it helps me be more loud rather than shy. Becoming successful matters to me because I love to have pride in myself. Looking back at the work that I did, when it comes down being in my old age I want to tell my kids and grand kids about how I became successful of the biggest company in the world. Having the biggest company will mean a lot to me because I would be very proud of myself of the work that I put effort into, instead of reflecting and comparing myself to other people on how I should of done better in life than not doing nothing for myself. I’m not becoming big because of money, it’s what you can do to make a difference in the world. Even though, it seems to be to be a lot of work, but I’m going to push my limits. Becoming successful is in the blood. One day I would make a difference and that’s a promise. What made me want to become successful? Well, a few people in the world has a lot of money and dont want to help the society become better, they just do it for themselves. I wouldnt keep all the money to myself, I would at least help the ones in need that are suffering out there. In the future, I want to be the best person I can be. I want to be able to say, â€Å"Yes, I did that!† without looking like a fool. I want an adventure throughout my life on how I went through life facing challenges. I will support my family, mainly my mom because shes been there for me through thick and thin, even though she faces challenges that hits hard everyday. But Im proud and thankful of my mother for raising me right and telling me all the things I need to know in life. But, I want to be a professional dancer that does hip-hop and jazz. I want to go college in UCLA because I believe and I am smart enough to make it. I want to take risks that would make me feel so alive and free. I am African American and strong. I enjoy being around my love ones and expect being who I am. When I see myself, I see PRIDE!

Free Essays on Russian Revolution

The Russian revolution is the fundamental political and social upheaval that erupted in the Russian empire in 1917. The roots of the Russian Revolution are to be sought in the arbitrary, autocratic, and repressive czarist political and social system that evolved in the 16th – 18th century. It began with the collapse of the centuries-old czarist regime in February that led to the overthrow of the Western-style Provisional Government and the establishment of the first national communist political system in October. In the last years before World War 1 there was no reason to believe that revolution was inevitable, much less imminent in Russia. But as military defeats piled up, a progressive block was formed in the Duma (parliament that had limited power). The member of the block strove valiantly to convince the government that it must follow the example of western government to accept the voluntary cooperation of the public in coping with the inordinately difficult problems. Th e autocracy, jealous of its exclusive authority refused all such offers that would help his government. Rapidly the government lost all shred of public confidence. Under the czars Russia was a backward country, much of the land was in royal and private estates, and the rest was held and crudely worked in small plots by the peasants. Indeed there was a need for a revolution because the government wanted its own selfish desires and by using the people they got what they wanted. The government was not for the people, it showed by them not fulfilling the needs of the people for them to have a happier life. In more broad terms it will be argued that the Revolutions in Russia was greatly needed for the establishment growth of their country. Russia being a backward Empire had many disadvantages for the Russian population. The backwardness of Russia was displayed in the people’s lives especially the peasants. One in four had schooling because the education wa... Free Essays on Russian Revolution Free Essays on Russian Revolution The Russian revolution is the fundamental political and social upheaval that erupted in the Russian empire in 1917. The roots of the Russian Revolution are to be sought in the arbitrary, autocratic, and repressive czarist political and social system that evolved in the 16th – 18th century. It began with the collapse of the centuries-old czarist regime in February that led to the overthrow of the Western-style Provisional Government and the establishment of the first national communist political system in October. In the last years before World War 1 there was no reason to believe that revolution was inevitable, much less imminent in Russia. But as military defeats piled up, a progressive block was formed in the Duma (parliament that had limited power). The member of the block strove valiantly to convince the government that it must follow the example of western government to accept the voluntary cooperation of the public in coping with the inordinately difficult problems. Th e autocracy, jealous of its exclusive authority refused all such offers that would help his government. Rapidly the government lost all shred of public confidence. Under the czars Russia was a backward country, much of the land was in royal and private estates, and the rest was held and crudely worked in small plots by the peasants. Indeed there was a need for a revolution because the government wanted its own selfish desires and by using the people they got what they wanted. The government was not for the people, it showed by them not fulfilling the needs of the people for them to have a happier life. In more broad terms it will be argued that the Revolutions in Russia was greatly needed for the establishment growth of their country. Russia being a backward Empire had many disadvantages for the Russian population. The backwardness of Russia was displayed in the people’s lives especially the peasants. One in four had schooling because the education wa...

Why You Shouldnt Start Your Cover Letter With To Whom It May Concern

Why You Shouldnt Start Your Cover Letter With To Whom It May Concern You’ve found the job you want. You’ve got your resume all set up, now you just need to write that cover letter.   Keep in mind that your cover letter is your first impression. And the first impression of your first impression is how you open up your letter! You’ll want to make it as effective as possible by tailoring your salutation to its appropriate audience- without offending anyone or showing bias of any kind.Rule 1: If you’re not writing to a particular committee or individual avoid the  dreaded impersonal â€Å"To Whom It May Concern.† Also, steer clear of  the generic â€Å"Dear Sir or Madam,† which is just hopelessly bland.Use What You KnowIf you know exactly who will be reading your letter, address it personally! Really. It’s okay. â€Å"Dear John Smith† will work. If you happen to know that your reader is a doctor or has a PhD, try â€Å"Dear Dr. Smith† instead. OR if you know the company culture to be on the informal side, and you’re sure it won’t backfire: â€Å"Dear John† might do.If the â€Å"Dear† freaks you out, you can drop it entirely and just use the name, or you could try â€Å"Hello† instead. When in doubt, though, use â€Å"Dear.†Do Your ResearchIf you don’t know the hiring manager or the person most likely to receive your letter, you could guess. Do a bit of Googling and at least find the head of the department you’re applying to. Even if you shoot for higher up than the person who eventually receives your letter, you’ll still get points for initiative.If You Can’t Find a Name, Try a TitleThe point is to be as specific as possible. If names are unavailable, you can always try â€Å"Dear Senior Analyst Search Committee† or â€Å"Research Assistant Hiring Manager† instead. For that matter, if you know you will be addressing a committee, a simple â€Å"Dear Search Committee† or  "Dear Hiring Committee† will do nicely. Read through the job description for hints- often it will include the name of the committee or department explicitly.When in doubt, err on the side of formal. And never gender a general salutation. â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen† could work. But often guessing on the position/manger/committee will net you more favorable results.Remember, this is your first impression in a letter that serves as an overall first impression. Don’t blow it in the very first line.

Syphilis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Syphilis - Essay Example ents by drafting recommendations on how to suppress the disease, arrange workshops and seminars for educating the locals, and administer public health standards in the state. In the state, the disease rates have been on the rise from the year 2005 to 2009. In 2005, the disease rate was at about 4.3 while in 2009, it was at 6.9 (Ohio Department of Health, 2011). In 2005, Franklin county had the uppermost rate of the infectivity while in Pickaway county the rate was at 22.3 (Ohio Department of Health, 2011). Franklin County, however, has recorded the highest number of case counts over the years with the year 2008 having the highest number. Conversely, Wyandot County did not have any cases of the disease recorded in the five years. This information is particularly important to a community health nurse, as they will strive to address the disease and get better quality health services especially in counties with a high-disease rate. He/she will be proficient to educate the public on syphilis control and avoidance procedures, while performing wellbeing support activities. The nurse should be capable of telling the patient what they are suffering from and shoul d maintain confidentiality on the health of the patient and make sure that the patient has access to proper medication. According to division 3701.47, these analysis must not to be charged, and will be completed at an authorized laboratory. In case the patient wants to comprehend the ailment, the nurse should be clever enough to explain to him/her to make a proper choice on whether they want treatment. The patient though must not reject treatment or whichever form of hospitalization

Human Biological Systems, Gas Exchange & Transport Assignment

Human Biological Systems, Gas Exchange & Transport - Assignment Example Overall, this CNS control determines the depth and frequency of the respiration. (Schwartzstein & Parker, 2006, p.3) 2. Ventilatory Pump a) Muscles of respiration: there are two sets of muscles that are classified either muscles of inspiration or muscles of expiration. Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles are muscles of inspiration whereas internal intercostal muscle is the muscle of expiration. There are some accessory muscles that assist in forceful inspiration or expiration such as sternocleidomastoid, scalenus, pectoralis and abdominal muscles. b) Chest wall skeleton: rib cage provides the major skeleton support for lungs. c) Chest wall connective tissue: d) Airways: nares (nose), larynx, trachea, bronchus and bronchioles. e) Pleura: visceral pleura and parietal pleura. f) Spinal cord and peripheral nerves: C3, C4 and C5 spinal segments provide innervations to diaphragm via phrenic nerve. All the intercostal muscles get segmental innervations through intercostal nerves that run in the intercostal groove along with artery and vein. Most of the structures of Ventilatory pump, such as muscles and skeleton, ensure appropriate movement of the chest wall and adequate change in the intrathoracic pressure during inspiration and expiration. All the components of airway provide an uninterrupted passage of air to and from the alveoli. The passage is also lined with special epithelium that produces mucus and is studded with cilia (Hlastala & Berger, 1996, p.23). Mucus moist or warm the air whereas cilia traps any foreign particles and clear excess mucus. Parietal pleura line the chest wall and visceral pleura cover the outer surface of the lung. In between these two layers is a pleural space that contains a small amount of fluid. This pleural space plays a critical role in changing the intrathoracic pressure. Spinal cord and peripheral nerves provide a communication between controller and muscles of respiration. (Schwartzstein & Parker, 2006, p.15-23) 3. Gas Exch anger a) Alveoli: the terminal bronchioles are studded with hollow grape like structures called alveoli. b) Pulmonary capillaries: these capillaries originate from the branches of pulmonary artery and aggregate to form pulmonary vein. Terminal bronchioles and alveoli are the sites of gas exchange (no gas exchange take place in the rest of the airway and is referred to as dead space). These alveoli provide abundant surface area for adequate diffusion of gases. Understandably, alveoli are surrounded by thousand of blood capillaries to ensure effective transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide. TAQ 2: 1. Using annotated diagrams explain the processes involved in breathing in and out. Fig 2.1: shows the process of breathing and the structures involved. Breathing In: The process of breathing in is called inspiration. There are two important muscles, diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, that take part in this process. When a person breathes in, diaphragm contracts and chest expands inc reasing volume of the thoracic cavity and creating a negative intrathoracic pressure (fig 2.1). Therefore, air flows from a relatively positive atmospheric pressure towards the negative intrathoracic pressure and fill both lungs. Breathing Out: The process of breathing out is called expiration. Unlike inspiration, expiration at rest is a passive process and do not require muscle support. In fact, the elastic recoil

Becoming a Teacher: My Philosophy on Education Essay examples -- Teac

Becoming a Teacher: My Philosophy on Education When did education start? Do we still need education to function as a society? How long will public education remain a kindergarten through twelfth grade curriculum? The answers to these questions will vary from person to person, but they will all have one common theme: education will and must go on! Education is the key to a progressing society. Education is the only way that knowledge is passed from generation to generation. In this paper I will explain why I wish to teach, my educational goals, and the philosophy that I will use during my teaching career. Becoming a teacher in today’s society is not the most choice among our society. People tend to demean the profession of teaching in that it does not pay enough money. I have been told that I should not become a teacher for this reason and even considered not becoming a teacher because of the poor pay. Now, I would have to disagree with this precept. Teaching is probably one of the most underpaid careers that one could pick; but for me I believe that the personal satisfaction outweighs the pay. Teachers are not going to have the biggest houses or the most expensive cars, but truthfully I do not strive for those possessions. I believe that teaching requires great skill and professionalism. In order to teach someone, you must know the subject that you are teaching well. The field of education is not for everyone; it takes a special person that has a genuine love for children and can get students motivated to learn. My love for a subject, secondary mathematics, and my natural desire to help others are the reasons that I wish to become a teacher. From th... ...as a philosophy because I believe that a student should have to learn ideas that have lasted over centuries and use the ideas within the classroom. For example, a student should have to use the rules for derivatives in calculus because they have lasted over time. When I become a teacher I hope to incorporate all of these philosophies into my classroom. Teaching is not a profession that today’s society would call a rewarding profession because of the demands and poor salaries. I struggled with not making enough money for a little while, but have since put that behind me. I realize I can change some students’ lives. This is more rewarding than money and will make an impact on my students for years and years to come. I strive to be the best teacher that I can be so that my students will enjoy school and maybe, one day, want to become a teacher too.

Industrial Technology

Industrial Technology, Timber Products and Furniture Study Notes Perry Tappenden Materials Terminology associated with the timber industry comes in many forms; it is used to address other workers, to give a quick response to a question or to make statements shorter and to not go into extensive detail. Examples of certain timber terminology includes; a Crook: Distortion of a piece of lumber, Header: a structural member located between the stud joint or rafter. These are a few instances of terminology as there are many more than this. Timber recovery and conversion is when timber is collected either from deposits or from land and sawn into newer sheets of wood, or burned and used for something else such as firewood, this practice is commonly sought after. When wood is converted it can also be broken down into chips and remade into sheets of ply for use thereafter. * Live Sawing: This gives the most timber from the log; it’s the most simple and cheapest way to cut the log into boards. Timber cut in this method may shrink or warp unevenly. This timber is suitable for construction work, fences and crates * Quarter sawing: The log is quartered lengthwise, resulting in wedges with a right angle ending at approximately the centre of each log. The resulting boards are called quarter sawn. * Back sawing: Takes high quality timber from faulty logs. It allows for the faulty parts to be cut around with little waste. Back sawing is used for floor and ceiling joints as there is more strength in the direction of the growth rings. Flitches and Burls are deformities on the outside of timber, it’s found on the outgrowth on a tree trunk. Flitches are slices of veneer form a tree trunk and are kept in the order of which they were sawn. * Stability is the limit to which timber can re shaped and formed. If timber is stable then it would have been seasoned and therefore maintains its shape without curling. * Seasoning is the process in which moisture is dried out from the cell walls and cell cavities of the wood. Air seasoning is a natural drying method which takes ither a few days or a few weeks in which timber is stacked in well ventilated stacks out in the open. Kiln seasoning is an artificial drying method in which timber is placed in large drying rooms in which controlled temperature and humidity circuate around the boards. * Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) affects the stability of the timber. As moisture content increases. Timber swells. If moisture content decreases, timber shrinks. Timber should ‘move’ in very minor amounts, so therefore it should be properly seasoned. Timber selection considerations refers to what to consider when selecting timbers, hardwoods and soft woods may be chosen as they both have different moisture contents and therefore different considerations must be put into place. * Plantation timbers come from artificially planted forest or plantation. Timber gained from plantation comes from fast growing trees used for lumber. * Exotic Timbers are timbers that are rare and hard to come by, the timber is a reddish brown and is prized by woodworkers, it is used in wood turnings, handles and other items, an example of an Exotic wood is Allocasuarina Torulosa or known as Forest Oak. Recycling/Reusing Timber is the process of salvaging timber products from old buildings, bridges and wharfs, the timber is then taken to a mill where all metal objects are removed and the the timber is re-sawn and sold to consumers usually as flooring, beams or decking. * ‘Green’ Timbers are wood products that have recently cut and have therefo re not had an opportunity to season by evaporation of the internal moisture. The term applies to wood such as firewood lumber. * Economical Usage/ Waste Minimisation revolves around how to control timber wastage. Scrap timber can be reused in other projects where necessary and therefore saves time and money from buying more timber for other uses. Waste minimisation is how to control timber wastage in order to save money. Waste can be controlled with a waste management plan in which 10% is added to timber to be cut to allow for an affordable amount of waste. * Environmental Issues/Pollution that concern timber production is dust, air emissions and odours and hazard materials including chemicals. Pollution can arise from these things so therefore care should be taken. Another environmental issue is deforestation. Sustainability is about how long a timber will last. Depending on what the desired project is, will reflect that will be selected. A wood such as pine is sustainable but will not last over years like hardwood will. Sustainable timber will have a higher price, but will last longer than most other timbers that are not as sustainable. * OHS Issues regarding timber selection are affected b y the type of timber that is chosen. For example if a hardwood is chosen it must be taken into consideration that it is heavy durable and therefore feet protection must be worn. Also the machinery must be used with caution as it will work harder against the timber. The right timber must also be selected for the job as certain projects require a specific timber that is suitable, if the wrong timber is used it may have an issue such as not being able to support the weight of itself. Manufactured Board are products that are engineered to precise and specific design purposes. Manufactured board is used in a variety of applications such as home constructions to industrial products. The resulting boards are very stable and offer greater structural strength than natural wood building materials. †¢ The Construction and Manufacture of manufactured board involves the same hard and soft woods used in normal construction. Scraps and other wood waste can be used to make manufactured wood also. It’s manufactured for practical uses and also for flat pack furniture because of it’s low cost. †¢ Veneers are thin sheets of timber, thinner than 3mm that are glued onto core panels to produce flat panels. Veneer is constructed with a either a rotary lathe, a slicing machine or a half-round lathe. Using different types of slicing, a different type of grain will appear. †¢ Plywood is manufactured by laminating an odd number of thin sheets of timber, or veneers. The sheets are placed with the grain running along the length of the sheet. The sheet is bonded under heat and pressure with durable, moisture resistant adhesives. When bonding the sheets, the sheets are arranged in a grain direction with the grain at right angles in the alternate layers. †¢ Particleboard is made from the thinnings and trimmings from pine plantations as well as plantation trees. The wood stock is milled in to coarse flakes which are dried and sprayed with a resin adhesive. The flakes are formed into mats with coarse flakes sandwiched between the fine flakes. A number of these mats are placed in a hot press where they are compressed. The high temperature of the press and the resin forms a strong board that is grainless, that prevents termites and borers. †¢ Fibre Boards are constructed the same way as particleboards, the difference between the two is that the particles are pulped to separate the wood fibres which interlock with each other to create the sheet’s strength. Fibreboards are available in plain sanded sheets or veneered in a range of cabinet timbers. †¢ Block manufactured boards have a limited application in the furniture industry, The main use is an alternative to thin sheets of particle board or medium density fibreboard for cupboard backs and drawer bottoms. †¢ Lamiboard are produced by bonding thin wood veneers together in a large billet. The resulting product features enhanced mechanical properties and dimensional stability.. Lamiboard is used in many products including rafters, headers, beams, joists, rim boards, studs and columns. OH&S Issues regarding manufactured boards is that some of boards may burn faster than solid timber, they require more energy for their manufacture than solid timber, the adhesives used may be toxic, cutting and working can expose workers to toxic compounds, Some of the manufactured products are more prone to heat warping when used for exterior purposes, exterior use is also not recommended becaus e the boards soak up moisture. †¢ Glues used for manufactured wood include: Urea-formaldehyde resins (most common, most cheap, and not waterproof. Phenol-formaldehyde resins (Yellow/brown, and commonly used for exterior exposure products. ) Melamine-formaldehyde resin (white, heat and water resistant, and often used in exposed surfaces in more costly designs. ) Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate or polyurethane resins (expensive, generally waterproof, and do not contain formaldehyde). Fitting and Allied Materials-Hardware and Fittings †¢ Screws are on of the most commonly used woodwork fittings, they have a single use of joing two or more pieces of wood together depending on the length of the screw. Screws come in different head types for varying areas of work, The thread on each of the screws differs for the grip on the board as well as width of the board. †¢ Nails are also a commonly used fastener in the timber industry and trades. Nails are used to join together two or more pieces of timber and have many variations. Nails also have many variations for different uses and can be inserted at different angles to strengthen joints. †¢ Nuts & Bolts are used in conjunction with one another to joint together a stack of parts. The joint piese are helf together with a combination of the threads friction, a stretch of the bolt, and compression of the parts. Nuts & Bolts vary in sizes and shapes to fit to the job necessary, nuts bolts as big as 60mm exist on the Sydney Harbour Bridge. †¢ Knockdown Fittings are items of furniture that have the ability to be taken assembled and disassembled any number of times. The furniture has also been made with many different modifications that the owner can perform themselves. These include changing the position of the shelves or even adding shelves in general. Transport and storage of this furniture is also made very easy. †¢ Hinges are devices that are secured to a side of a cabinet and attached to a door or other object to allow the door to open and close. Hinges are available in many forms and open to a 180 degree angle. The knuckle of the hinge shows when the door is closed but there are many types of hinges such as concealed hinges that prevent this. †¢ Handles are an attachment to a door that allows an operator to open and close the door. Hinges are constantly changing and are manufactured by several manufactures. Handles are made out of plastic, metal and even wood. They are a D shape and are screwed onto the door frame. †¢ Knobs are similar to handles in which they allow an operator to open and close a door, they might be favoured or disregarded over a handle. Knobs also come in variations of wood, metal and plastic. Like handles they can be used on doors or drawers. †¢ Staples are used by upholsters for fastening fabric to the wooden frames of covered furniture. Staples can be applies with a staple gun or a pneumatic tacker. Staples can also be used in the assembly of light frames and furniture components as an alternative to nailing and are applied with an air tacker. Drawer Runners are devices that are secured to the interior of a drawer and allow for a smooth operation of the drawer and will last a long life. Some draw runners do not allow the drawer to extend to it’s full depth, however, fully extending drawers have an extra telescopic extension which allows the drawer to extend for it’s full depth. †¢ Table Cl ips are used to attach solid timber tops to tables and other items of furniture, to achieve this result, a groove is cut in the inside faces of the table and the table clip, an S shaped piece, is slotted into the groove and the opposite side is screwed into the top of the table. Latches are a component that allow for two surfaces to connect that also allows for regular separation. Latches are usually used on large doors or windows. They can be made from plastic or from metal and can be secured with a padlock. Latches can also be places on the inside or the outside of a door depending on the levels of security needed. †¢ Catches are a component that is attached to a door and consists of two separate parts, a striker and retainer. Catches can join together via a ball with springs, a magnetic strip on the striker and retainer, or a roller that separates and rolls onto the other. They keep doors firmly closed, yet are still easy to open. †¢ Shelf Hangers are small shelf supports that are available for various applications. Three commonly used shelf hangers are plug in which simply plug into a drilled hole and are made from plastic. Sleeve mounted which is slim mount that fits into a metal sleeve that is first inserted into the hole. Strip mounted supports fit into holes or slots in plastic or aluminium strips which are knocked into grooves that are cut into the wood side piece. Additional Materials Applied to Timber Based Products Glass as a material can be used in conjunction with timber products. A glass door can be added to a cabinet or a glass centre piece can be applied to a door frame on a small or large cabinet. Glass overall gives a more modern look and prevents dust from getting on the shelves. †¢ Metal is used in conjunction with timber in many ways, handles and knobs can be made from a metal and add a nice overall look to the project. Fas teners are also made from metal. Corner covers can also be applied to timber projects such a chest of drawers or any other box. These add a vintage or modern look. †¢ Polymers can also collaborate with woodwork, these can be used similarly to metal materials such as handles and fasteners. Also, like glass, a plastic sheet can be used to insert into a door frame. †¢ Upholstery Materials that can be used in conjunction with timber products is fabric sheets, which can be stapled on to cover a certain section. If upholstery is used, It must be fitted properly. Adhesives †¢ PVA or polyvinyl acetate is a white, ready to use, glue. It is not waterproof but will resist bacteria. It has good gap filling qualities, is on stainable, and non flammable. PVA is the most commonly used adhesive in woodworking burt won’t bond a non-porous material surface such as metal to wood. †¢ Epoxy Resin is a two part glue consisting of resin and a hardener or catalyst. They allow assembly time at up to an hour at approximately 20 degrees. It is very fast-setting and contact with the skin should be heavily avoi ded. It will attach non-porous to porous materials at anytime. †¢ Hot Glue is an adhesive that will glue two surfaces together. The glue is squeezed from a glue gun that heats and melts a stick of glue. The glue itself will bond together porous materials only as solid objects such as metal or glass will not grip the glue when it hardens. †¢ Urea-Formaldehyde are thermo setting adhesives which are hardened by the addition of a catalyst. The adhesive is widely used in the industry. It takes 2-24 hours to set at room temperature. The glue cannot be softened by heat one it sets. Ventilation or respiratory equipment should be used with this adhesive and contact with the skin should be avoided. †¢ Resorcinol glue is an adhesive that has high strength in both dry and wet conditions. It is also resistant to high temperatures. It’s main use is to glue timber that requires immediate repair straight away. The glue withstands tropical and sub-zero temperatures as well as salt and fresh water. †¢ Contact Glue is a synthetic rubber based adhesive, It is mostly used to bond plastic laminate to manufactured boards. Adhesive is applied with a spreader which becomes dry in about 10-20 minutes. The two sheets are brought together resulting in an immediate bond. No cramping is necessary, rather rubbing and smoothing with a block of wood. The adhesive is flammable, highly toxic and gives of pungent fumes. Processes, Tools and Machinery Planning †¢ Sketches are used to help develop ideas, communicate design ideas to others such as the client, factory manager or workshop supervisor. They also help to work out sizes and proportions. Many sketching techniques ar ecarried out in order to communicate through the sketch. †¢ Workshop Drawings are usually of the multi-view type, prepared accurately to scale. Drawing standards are intended to provide consistency in presentation. If a furniture designer prepares a drawing then it should be able to read by all people that follow the same presentation requirements. Material Lists require linear measurements and basic calculations. Timber is sold in metres so therefore all measurements must be counted for and there should be waste allowance which equals to an extra 10% on the final measurement. A materials list should include size of the section, species of timber, type of finish, number of pieces and the lengths required. †¢ Calcula tions that are included in woodwork require addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. This is necessary when setting out details and working out quantities and costs. Calculations are applies to the area, surface area, and waste allowances using formulas and equations. †¢ Costing is a major factor in measurements of timber. For costing it must be made certain that all materials needed for the project are listed and also to keep the unit of measurement consistent, this will prevent confusion from the timber seller and fellow furnishers. Preparation of Timber †¢ Dressing timber involves making the timber flat, straight and square, so that it’s ready for a project. Dressing can be done with a professional machine or it can be done manually using hand held power tools. Dressing timber by yourself ensures that even though timber may have warps or twists they can be compensated for and attended to straight away. †¢ Thicknessing involves using a thicknesser machine to narrow down timber to a desired thickness. The process is by setting the machine to a desired thickness and inserting the wood into the opening where it will be cut down to a thickness that is required. The result will not happen immediately as it will take a while to narrow down the timber. †¢ Face sides of timber need to be well sanded and at the correct measurement. Due to the face side facing outwards on the project, it is important that it is well sanded, and planed to a correct standard so the project does not look out of shape. †¢ Edges on timber must be square on all sides of timber. This must be checked with a square and must be fixed if the timber is not properly edged. When creating joints, all edges have to be square as a defective edge can throw the whole prohect out of proportion. Manufacturing Individual Components as a Part of a Project †¢ Legs Widening Joints †¢ Dowelled Butt Joints is a simple method of widening to form a solid timber top. Dowels are positioned at 150-200mm intervals along the length of the boards. The direction of the growth rings shouldbe alternated for when wide boards are joined. Care should be taken because when one of the boards has movement it will react onto the next board. †¢ Tongue and Groove joints are widely used for re-entrant angles. The effect of wood shrinkage is concealed. Each piece has a slot cut all along one edge, and a thin, deep ridge on the opposite edge. The joinging method has been rendered obsolete with the introduction of plywood. The method however is still used in higher-quality flooring. Rebate housing joints is similar to a butt joint , except it has a second contact surface. The second contact surface allows for another set of nails to be hammered into the joint to make for a stronger joint overall. †¢ Groove and Feather is similar to the tongue and groove joint, however, in the opening a wood feather strip is inserted. This allows for an alternative to the to ngue and groove joint. †¢ Biscuit joints are a quick and easy way to reinforce butt and mitre joints. The oval shaped biscuits fit into place from a hole made by a biscuit joiner. Biscuit joints can basically be used wherever dowel or mortice and tenon joints can be used. This includes framing, widening, and leg and rail construction. Framing Joints †¢ Mitre joints involve cutting the flat side of timber at a 90 degree angle. The joint is usually used for the corners of picture frames and decorative furniture mouldings. The angles are cut with a mitre saw. The joints can be joined with dowel, biscuits or can be joined via mitre halving joints. †¢ Halving Joints have half the thickness or width of the material removed from each part, so that when the opposing sides are joined they will be flush with one another. Corning halving is used for frames. The halving joints themselves can be reinforced with nails and/or glue. †¢ Dowelled are commonly used in frame construction as well as leg and rail construction. Dowels are glued into one piece and the joint is assembled with glue applied to the contact surfaces and the other dowel holes. †¢ Box Pin is also known as a Finger Joint and involves cutting a set of complementary cuts in two pieces of wood, which are then glued. It is stronger than a butt or lap joint and will often form the general overall look of the piece. Mortise and Tenon joints are probably the most common joints used in framing timber joinery and traditional furniture. They have several variations which allow furniture designers to combine creative design with sound construction. The joints themselves can be strengthened with wedges, nails and glue. †¢ Bridle Joints have a third of the thickness of the material removed from the centre of the one part of the joint an d from the outsides of the other part. Carcase Joints †¢ Rebate joint is a recess or groove cut into the edge of a piece of timber. Rebate joints. Rebate joints are stronger than the usual butt joints because they have two contact surfaces which allows for two nails to be inserted if necessary. †¢ Scribed joinery is the technique of shaping the end of a moulding or frame to fit the contours of an abutting member. It is commonly used in skirting and other moulding in a room. Coping is only used for internal corners. All other external corners will be mitred. †¢ Dovetail joints are tapered so that the joint can come out in one direction only. Dovetails cut on one part of the joint fit into sockets cut on the other part. The shapes left between the sockets are called pins. Hand cut dovetails are always larger than the pins, machine cut dovetails and pins are the same size, except for the smaller outer pins. †¢ Housing joints provide more strength than butt joints and are commonly used where load bearings is an important design factor. Housing joints are used in framing, they come in variations such as through housing, stopped housing, and rebate housing. Construction Techniques †¢ Sawing is the most commonly used technique to cut wood into the shapes and sizes as desired. Sawing can be performed with several cutting devices. The handheld saw, a drop saw, a band saw and a table saw to only mention a few. Sawing can be dangerous if safe and correct procedures are not carried during operation. †¢ Drilling is also one of the most commonly used techniques in furnishing. It involves a drill bit, powered by a drill to create a hole in the timber to allow a screw, a dowel, or a bolt to enter the hole for many purposes. The drill bits vary in size and length and this will affect the depth and size of the hole. †¢ Edge Treatments for timber include smoothing out the edges with a plane or using sandpaper with a sanding block. Effects can also be applied to an edge using a router and a router bit that looks good on the project. Other treatments include using a router to make a housing joint. †¢ Nailing and Screwing techniques include collaborations with joints such as mortise and tenon joints to strengthen these. Nails are applied with a hammer or a nail gun and screws are inserted with a power tool or handheld screwdriver. †¢ Sanding is a technique that involves a grainy paper, that slowly scratches away at the wood grains and creates a smooth finish. Sandpaper is sanded on using a cork sanding block. Varying grains on the paper, make the difference between how much of the grain you want to remove and how smooth the timber will come out. †¢ Scraping is an old technique that allows for an extremely fine finish on timber. Scrapers work best on highly figured woods. A difference between sandpaper and a scraper is that sandpaper can suppress the 3 dimensional look of the wood, but scrapers can restore this. Other Construction Techniques †¢ Turning involves a rectangular prism shaped piece of timber that is spun on a lathe and chisels are applied to the surface which cuts away, eventually creating a cylindrical shaped piece. Turning is an effective way of creating posts, or details to an overall project. †¢ Carving is a practice that is applied to the surface of timber where a shape, pattern or any other design is chiseled and carved into the timber using various tools. The practice, when done by hand is very difficult as accuracy and precision is at stake and could ruin the entire surface. Professional machines are available which use precise accuracy to cut out the shapes. †¢ Inlaying involves a shape, usually made from veneer being inserted into a depression that is the same shape as the veneer or contrasting coloured timber. Inlaying can be done by hand but like carving, is a very hard practice. It should be done with an accurate machine. †¢ Marquetry is similar to inlaying except it is made up of more pieces and is much harder process. The results that come from marquetry is decorative patterns, designs and pictures. Thin veneer is also used for this method as it is also easy to sand and shape. †¢ Veneering is an old art of having thin sheets of veneer board covering the outside of timber sides and creating a nice look that appears like it’s a full piece of timber. Veneer boards are stuck to plywood boards to create a nice finish from the outside. †¢ Parquetry is a similar method to Marquetry except it form simple geometric shapes, forming tiled patterns that would cover the floor. Aside from veneer, other timbers can be used such as oak, walnut, cherry, can be enployed. Even expensive timber such as mahogany can be used. †¢ Laminating is a technique that uses a multi synthetic that is fused in a lamination process. Laminating simulates timber with a photographic applique under a clear plastic layer. Laminated flooring is most commonly used as this is cheap, more durable than carpet and looks like the floor is made from proper timer. †¢ Bending is a technique that is applied to that is applied to sheets of timber when a bend is necessary, this could be for a ramp or any other similar device. T bend sheets, the boards are steamed and the pores in the timber become soft and allow for it to bent into a curved shape. †¢ Routing is a process for creating a recess into pieces of timber to allow for a housing joint or any other timber to be inserted to create a strong joint. Routing can also be applied to the edges of timber for corner work that involves joints. Construction Techniques Using Manufactured Boards †¢ Economical Sheet Layout is the process of choosing manufactured boards that have minimal surface defects. Its best to choose the most economical sheets when they are all laid out. Using proper veneer and pine combinations also help with the outcomes of plywood economics. †¢ Cutting Sheet Material can be carried out in a number of ways. Manufactured sheets can be cut out using a table saw or a circular saw. A saw guide helps with a circular saw. Cutting sheet material is an easy process but still must be carried out responsibly and properly. †¢ Handling Sheet Material should be like handling most other timber in the industry. It should be held close to the body where it is safe and won’t be dropped. If assistance is required for lifting heavy or rigid sheet materials then help should be requested immediately. †¢ Assembly of Components should be carried out with proper joints and with proper components for assembly. Components used for manufactured boards include screws and nails and glue, these are usually joined with butt joints. Assembly of Components †¢ Test, Fit and Check Joints is a process that must be carried out before proper gluing of a project. The joints should all be joined without glue to be tested if they fit. All joints should then be checked with a square at the corners. If it is not accurate, then some chiseling or filling should be carried out. †¢ Dry Cramp is a technique that should be carried out before gluing. The frame or project should be fitted into the cramp so that when the glue is applied it can quickly be placed into the cramp without a messy job. Use of Cramps is a sometimes difficult procedure but can be made easy when all steps are followed. The cramp should be dry tested as described above and then glued and tightened. When tightening cramps, they should be tightened evenly. Parallel clamp should be placed in the middle to counteract the outer clamps making the board bend upwards. †¢ Testing for Square and Flatness should be carried out using a square on the corne rs. If the joints are not square, then the cramps should be loosened and the frame or project be readjusted. To check the flatness should be done with the side of a ruler or with a flat piece of timber. Its best to check the flatness to avoid the frame or timber going in wind. Finishing †¢ Preparation for staining involves the process of setting up the timber with a work table and brush and brushing on the stain to the timber in all the desired areas where necessary. †¢ Staining gives the wood a more professional look and makes the wood look more expensive. †¢ Filling fills in the pores of the timber of open grained or textured timber to provide a smoother surface to build up the finishing material. Oils consist of oil-soluble dyes dissolved in oils such as turpentine. Finishes can range in appearance from a deep, shiny glass-like look to a dull surface which reflects very little light. †¢ Shellac is used for traditional French polishing, It’s a natural resin that is applied with a polishing pad and gradually builds up the body of coating. †¢ Nitro-Cellulose Lacquer is a spray on finish that needs to be thinned down and dries in a few minutes. †¢ Environmental Issues that concern polishing are the fumes that the finishes give off, while not entirely harmful to the human body, these do inhabit the air and could affect the surrounding environment. Ii would also require a lot of energy to make the finishes also. †¢ Industrial Processes that are associated with finishing is the proper use of PPE, this would include gloves, and possibly a face mask, depending on the users intake of the fumes from the finish. It would also be necessary to work in a well ventilated room to ensure that the fumes to not fill up and enclosed room. Other processes include leaving the timber a good amount of time to dry before another coat is added and to follow all instructions on the finishes container such as application and preparation.

Athens and Sparta Comparison - 1307 Words

Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta were the two largest Greek city-states of the Ancient world. They were the biggest of rivals, two towering cities at their peak, the most influential cultural, military, and trade powers of western civilization in the first millennium B.C. They are sharply contrasting yet strikingly similar, setting the stage for the Peloponnesian War. Their differences were the effect of geographical isolation but they began with the same base of ideas on which to build. The Peloponnesian War was between the two over Sparta s fear of Athens growth of power, and especially the Megarian Decree, an Athenian economic sanction against the Spartan ally Megara. This sanction against the state would prove disastrous for†¦show more content†¦Spartan society itself changed after its transition tot a military state. The center of Spartan life was the military and the polis. Children were systematically determined at birth whether they were weak or strong and left to die of exposu re if deemed unfit to serve the state s army. This had been performed before in Greece, but the state institutionalized it and made it a common practice. At the age of seven the Spartan male was sent to military and athletic school. There they were taught survival skills, endurance of pain, discipline, and toughness. This continued for 13 years when the Spartan was 20 and became a soldier. A soldier would live in his barracks with fellow soldiers, eat with his fellow soldiers, fight with his fellow soldiers and even die with them. The life of a Spartan male was one of simplicity, discipline, and self-denial. The Spartan ideology was state oriented, the life of a male was designed to serve the state from birth to the age of 60. 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